ISTScience

Objectives

Learning Activities

Resources

1.1.1  Discuss the theory that living organisms are composed of cells. "Cell Theory"

1.1.3  State that all cells are formed from other cells.

1.1.11  Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others.

1.1.12  Define tissue, organ, organ system

1.1.4  Explain three advantages of using light microscopes.

1.1.5 Outline the advantages of using electron microscopes  (the terms resolution magnification should be explained)

1.1.8  Calculate linear magnification of drawings

Microscopes & Cells

Revision of the use of light microscopes.

Preparation of slides of tissues (including onion, celery skin, tradescantia leaves) using new stains.

Make drawings of eukaryotic cells using light microscopes and make measurements using graticules. 

Question 2 p17 of  Fullick on eukaryote cells.

Understand measurement units, mm,mm,nm and how to calculate them & present them on drawings.

Print six magnified images and on each one label either a magnification (e.g. x200) or a scale bar.

TEST on MICROSCOPES

Interactive Scanning Electron Microscope

Example of Six Magnified Images

1.3.1   Draw a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a generalized animal cell as seen in electron micrographs.

1.1.7     Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria,organelles and cells, using appropriate SI units

1.3.1  State one function of each of these organelles: ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, nucleus.

1.3.4   Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.

1.3.5   State the composition and function of the plant cell wall.

Organelles

Describe the function of the organelles found within these cells using electron micrographs.  Diagram

Using electron micrographs of organelles, learn to recognize the  structure of; nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, rER, Lysosomes, ribosomes.

Presentation to the class on a single organelle's structure and function.

Question 5 p86 Fullick on Prokaryotes and Lysosomes.

"Pairs Card Game"

More plant organelle electron miscroscope photos

2002 & 2003 organelles

Interesting article on mitochondria and ageing

1.2.1   Draw a generalized prokaryotic cell as seen in electron micrographs

1.2.2  State one function for each of the following: cell wall, plasma membrane, mesosome, cytoplasm, ribosomes,  naked DNA.

1.2.3  State that prokaryotes show a wide range of metabolic activity including fermentation, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.

1.3.3  Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotes

View Bacteria on this link , and this one and describe the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells and their organelles.  

Experiment to see gram stained bacteria.  
Using oil immersion lens what difference does the surface structure make?

Grow some fluorescent Prokaryotes in the lab.

Prokaryote Eukaryote:
Polly's Quizes 0, 1, 2, 3.

Good prokaryote diagram here.

The way antibiotics kill bacteria.  Anthrax in particular.

Prokaryote Images

Comparison prokaryote and eukaryote

1.1.2     State that a virus is a non-cellular structure consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded  by a protein coat.

Viruses

Are Viruses living?  A look beyond the resolution of the light microscope. 

Viruses, their structure and why  penicillin can never cure the flu?

TEST on CELLS

1.4.2   Explain how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.

1.4.3    Define diffusion & osmosis.

1.4.5  Explain passive transport across membranes in terms of diffusion.

1.4.6        Explain the role of protein pumps and ATP in active transport across membranes.

1.4.7        Explain how vesicles are used to transport materials within a cell between the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane.

1.4.8   Describe how the fluidity of the membrane allows it to change shape, break and reform during endocytosis and exocytosis.

1.1.10   State that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life.

1.1.9    Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size

Membranes - the plasma membrane.

The Fluid Mosaic Model of Cell Membrane;

Learn the parts of the membrane using the Paint Exercise  (file in Mr Faure's my photos)

Study this diagram of membrane proteins and prepare a presentation on one of the above special functions of membranes.

Observe diffusion in vitro.  Complete practical investigation of osmosis using visking tubing and onion cells.

Active and Passive transport.  Protein pumps, diffusion chanels, vesicles, endocytosis, exocytosis.

Solve the text book problem on function of a membrane protein

Investigation of membrane permeability using beetroot.

How big is an Amoeba? What is the largest cell.  Why don't cells come bigger?

TEST on MEMBRANES

Osmosis puzzle

Membrane part functions Powerpoint Activity

Membrane protein function

Sweet & Strong Onions Expt

Animation of transport through a cell membrane (excellent)

IB Quick test Membranes

Extra notes on membranes

1.5.2   State that interphase is an active period

1.5.4  Explain how mitosis produces two genetically identical nuclei.

1.5.5  Outline the differences in mitosis and cytokinesis between animal and plant cells. ie;  the lack of the centrioles in plant cells and the formation of the cell plate.

1.5.6   State that growth, tissue repair and asexual reproduction involve mitosis

1.5.7   State that tumours (cancers) are the result of uncontrolled cell division and that these can occur in any organ.        

Mitosis - How it happens and its uses.  Little java explanation

Experiment to make slides of root squashes to observe stages of mitosis.  The method is in the expt text book p184.
Use new stains. Photos of stages of mitosos   more photos.

Study the structure of DNA and chromosomes and the processes of transcription, DNA replication and the cell cycle.

Detailed website on mitosis and cell cycle.

Mitosis & Tumours

Mitosis key points

FINAL Topic 1  TEST

Prepare a power point presentation of the four stages of mitosis.

Lab drawings of the stages I,P,M,A,T in plants and animals.

Write a short informative leaflet explaining the biology of cell division and its role in Cancer.

Learn about the cell cycle using this web site.

MITOSIS Millionaire Quiz

Mitosis Revision Movie

Extension Work Ideas

HIV news 2002

Download a whole website of diagrams about cells.

Try to do a Hot Potato Quiz.  Lots of cell links

BBC Avian Flu - clear detail

  Bird Flu FAQ