2.1.1

Outline the cell theory.

2

2.1.2

Discuss the evidence for the cell theory.

3

2.1.3

State that unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life..

1

Look at this slide show of Cell theory. It clearly states the main concepts of "cell theory".

Make a four slide presentation of the Cell theory Debate Activity

2.1.5

Calculate the linear magnification of drawings and the actual size of specimens in images of known magnification.

Magnification could be stated (for example, ×250) or indicated by means of a scale bar, for example:

2

Calculating sizes using worksheets given. (magnification is easest, scale bars are easy to estimate, but harder to calculate)

Aim 7: The size of objects in digital images of microscope fields could be analysed using graticule baselines and image-processing software.

2.1.4

Compare the relative sizes of molecules, cell membrane thickness, viruses, bacteria, organelles and cells, using the appropriate SI unit.

3

Prepare a poster of the size of one of the biological components.

Past paper questions on sizes.

Answers

2.1.6

Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.

3

Experiment using gelatin blocks to model cells of different sizes

2.1.7

State that multicellular organisms show emergent properties.

1

Emergent Properties Info sheet

Emergent properties ppt

BBC Brian Eno explanation
(mp3 - 10 minutes =2Mb)

2.1.8

Explain that cells in multicellular organisms differentiate to carry out specialized functions by expressing some of their genes but not others.

3

2.1.9

State that stem cells retain the capacity to divide and have the ability to differentiate along different pathways.

1

Intro ppt on stem cells

Watch the Stem Cells video

2.1.10

Outline one therapeutic use of stem cells.

E.G. to restore the insulation tissue of neurons

2

SCID information sheet, and Therapeutic Cloning other ideas.

TOK: This is an opportunity to discuss balancing the huge opportunities of therapeutic cloning against the considerable risks

2.2.1

Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a prokaryote.

1

Prokaryote images work

Label this diagram.

Label answers

2.2.2

Annotate the diagram from 2.2.1 with the functions of each named structure.

2

2.2.3

Identify structures from 2.2.1 in electron micrographs of E. coli.

2

2.2.4

State that prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission.

1

Experiment using the oil immersion microscope lens

Grams Staining

compare prokaryotes & eukaryotes

2.3.1

Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

1

Drawing diagrams of Eukaryote cells with pencil and paper, using these images.

2.3.2

Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure.

2

2.3.3

Identify structures from 2.3.1 in electron micrographs of liver cells.

2

2.3.4

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

3

Organelles past paper questions

2.3.5

State three differences between plant and animal cells.

1

2.3.6

Outline two roles of extracellular components.

The plant cell wall & Animal cells secrete glycoproteins.

2

2.4.1

Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of membranes.

1

Aim 7: Data logging to measure the changes in membrane permeability using colorimeter probes can be used.

2.4.2

Explain how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.

3

2.4.3

List the functions of membrane proteins.

1

2.4.4

Define diffusion and osmosis.

1

Dandelion Osmosis Experiment

Sweet & Sour onions experiment

2.4.5

Explain passive transport across membranes by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

3

2.4.6

Explain the role of protein pumps and ATP in active transport across membranes.

3

2.4.7

Explain how vesicles are used to transport materials within a cell between the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane.

3

2.4.8

Describe how the fluidity of the membrane allows it to change shape, break and re-form during endocytosis and exocytosis.

2

Beetroot membrane Assessed Experiment DCP & CE.

IB revision questions on membranes

2.5.1

Outline the stages in the cell cycle, including interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis and cytokinesis.

2

Cell cycle

2.5.2

State that tumours (cancers) are the result of uncontrolled cell division and that these can occur in any organ or tissue.

1

Cancer News Article

Wheel of Fortune

Mitosis & Tumours

2.5.3

State that interphase is an active period in the life of a cell when many metabolic reactions occur, including protein synthesis, DNA replication and an increase in the number of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts.

1

Interphase text activity.

2.5.4

Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase).

Include supercoiling of chromosomes, attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres, splitting of centromeres, movement of sister chromosomes to opposite poles, and breakage and re-formation of nuclear membranes.

2

mitosis

MITOSIS Millionaire Quiz

Mitosis Revision Movie

Experiment to determine mitotic index and fraction of cells in each phase of mitosis.

The method is in the expt text book p184.
Photos of stages of mitosos ... more photos.

2.5.5

Explain how mitosis produces two genetically identical nuclei.

Detailed website on mitosis and cell cycle.

Mitosis key points

3

Complete a paragraph of text yourself to explain this. Use text book, web, and class notes to help with this.

Mitosis explanation + photos

2.5.6

State that growth, embryonic development, tissue repair and asexual reproduction involve mitosis.

1

Stem cells video